Weak with the past tense possibly inspired by the Class 1 strong verb drive.ĭo † did done misdo misdid misdone outdo outdid outdone overdo overdid overdone redo redid redone undo undid undone underdo underdid underdone Weak with vowel reduction, a former Strong, class 2 verbĬut cut cut crosscut crosscut crosscut intercut intercut intercut undercut undercut undercutĭeal dealt dealt misdeal misdealt misdealt Weak with vowel reduction and devoicing of the endingĬlothe clothed/clad clothed/clad unclothe unclothed/unclad unclothed/uncladĬome came come become became become misbecome misbecame misbecome overcome overcame overcomeĬreep crept/creeped crept/creeped/*cropen Weak with Rückumlaut and Germanic spirant law - a French loanword conjugated perhaps by analogy with teach-taughtĬhide chid/chidded/chode chid/chidded/chiddenĬhoose chose chosen mischoose mischose mischosenĬleave (cling to) cleft/cleaved cleft/cleaved Weak with assimilation of dentals, a former Strong, class 3 verbīuy bought bought/boughten overbuy overbought overbought underbuy underbought underboughtĬast cast cast broadcast broadcast broadcast forecast forecast forecast miscast miscast miscast overcast overcast overcast podcast podcast podcast recast recast recast simulcast simulcast simulcast undercast undercast undercast webcast webcast webcast Weak with devoicing of the ending, a former Strong, class 3 verbīurst burst/bursted/*brast burst/bursted/*bursten Weak with vowel reduction and assimilation of dentalsīlow blew blown overblow overblew overblownīreed bred bred inbreed inbred inbred interbreed interbred interbred overbreed overbred overbredīuild built built overbuild overbuilt overbuilt rebuild rebuilt rebuilt Weak with Rückumlaut and Germanic spirant lawīid (in cards, auctions, etc.) bid bid outbid outbid outbid overbid overbid overbid underbid underbid underbidīid (meaning to request or say) bade/bid/bidded bidden/bid/bidded forbid forbad/forbade/forbid forbid/forbiddenīide bided/bode bided/bidden abide abided/abode abided/*abiddenīind bound bound/*bounden unbind unbound unbound underbind underbound underbound Weak with assimilation of dentals and devoicing of the endingīeseech besought/beseeched besought/beseeched See Indo-European copula.īear bore/bare born/borne forbear forbore forborne *misbear misbore misborne overbear overbore overborne underbear underbore underborneīeat beat beaten/beat browbeat browbeat browbeatenīend bent/bended bent/bended overbend overbent overbent unbend unbent unbent This table includes selected archaic forms (marked *). Note that many of these forms vary even within each English variety depending on the dialect. In this table, the preferred or more common usage is generally listed first, though for some words usage is nearly equal for both choices. Australian English tends to follow British practice, while Canadian English often sides with American usage. In other cases, the opposite is true ( dived and sneaked in Britain, but also dove and snuck in the United States). spilled), American English uses the regular form, while British English tends to favor the irregular.
Many of these verbs are irregular in British or American English only. Typical irregularities in weak verbs are the assimilation of dentals ( bended → bent) and vowel reduction ( *keeped → kept).
The right hand column notes whether the verb is weak or strong, whether it belongs to a subclass, and links to discussions elsewhere. Next is the preterite or simple past form, then finally the past participle. The tables’ left-hand column shows verb forms ( lemma and inflected): The citation form (the infinitive) comes first (linked to its Wiktionary article), from which a marker (dagger †) references a footnote if its present tense forms are irregular. Each row shows an irregular verb (or group of compounds sharing a base verb), arranged alphabetically. This table lists irregular verbs in the English language.